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NOTAS SOBRE LA HISTORIA EL CEMENTERIO MUNICIPAL DE GRANADA Un monumento histórico en el gran recinto de El Cementerio Municipal de Granada se encuentra enclavado en En su interior se alojan las tumbas de gran parte de las personas relevantes de la historia de la ciudad en todos lo ámbitos: cultural, social, económico y político. Incluido por Además, en la zona actualmente denominada Patio de San Cristóbal, se encuentran los únicos restos arqueológicos que han llegado hasta nosotros tanto del Palacio árabe de los Alixares (siglos XIII – XIV), como del fortín y canalizaciones de aguas que instalaron, en el monte del mismo nombre, los franceses a principios del siglo XIX. Los inicios del actual cementerio hay que buscarlos en Esta medida fue acogida de buena gana por gran parte de la población y de las autoridades civiles. No ocurrió así con las autoridades eclesiásticas, especialmente con el Cabildo de A raiz de la promulgación de Todo ello creó una situación de caos en los enterramientos que trastornó la vida de la población granadina, claramente explícita en los constantes escritos del Ayuntamiento Pleno y del Cabildo Catedralicio al Consejo de Castilla y al propio Rey. La tardanza de la comisión, unida a la dejadez y negligencia de las autoridades y a los actos de vandalismo a que se veían sometidos los enterramientos, hicieron la situación insostenible, alcanzando su punto álgido durante la epidemia de peste que asoló la ciudad de Granada en septiembre del año 1804. La población comenzó a enterrar los cadáveres en terrenos que aún no estaban acotados ni bendecidos para ello, ante la pasividad de las autoridades. Después de múltiples informes y discusiones la comisión de médicos y las autoridades se ponen de acuerdo, expediente de 18 de abril de 1805, en tres ubicaciones idóneas para la construcción de cementerios. De entre ellas consideran la más apropiada “ “Después de varias pintorescas alamedas de El cementerio proyectado, “sin contar con los jardines dedicados para sepulcros de hombres célebres, y las fosas que se hacen en tiempo de epidemias”, puede contener los sepulcros siguientes: En el cementerio nuevo 1908 nichos para adultos, 692 para párvulos, 1200 sepulturas llanas para adultos y 1200 para párvulos. En total 5000 sepulturas que, unidas a las 7000 del patio del antiguo cementerio de las Barreras, suman 12000 sepulturas. Desde entonces, el desarrollo del cementerio municipal de Granada se ha realizado de forma un tanto caótica, al albur de necesidades y “modas constructivas”, mediante proyectos inconexos sin un plan de desarrollo armónico e integral. Fosas de tierra (prohibidas a finales de los años 70 y ya desaparecidas); edificios de nichos de párvulos, columbarios y bóvedas de diferentes formas y alturas; panteones y tumbas sin distribución ordenada; patio civil (ya desaparecido) y recintos religiosos y pequeñas zonas ajardinadas jalonan su crecimiento en estos dos siglos. En 1991, el Ayuntamiento crea EMUCESA (Empresa Municipal de Cementerio y Servicios Funerarios de Granada, S.A.), con capital íntegramente municipal, para dotar a la ciudad de unos servicios funerarios acordes con las necesidades existentes. Uno de los primeros pasos que la empresa da es la elaboración de un plan de desarrollo integral del cementerio que permita, al mismo tiempo, ordenar y modernizar el recinto mediante un desarrollo armónico, manteniéndolo totalmente integrado en el entorno monumental y paisajístico en que se encuentra y posibilitando su rehabilitación y conservación, en especial de las zonas históricas. El proyecto que lleva quince años desarrollándose con los recursos de EMUCESA, ha obtenido el reconocimiento de la ciudad y el sector funerario, así como de A historical monument within the grand landscape of The Municipal Cemetery of Granada is in the heart of the Dehesa del Generalife (Generalife Meadow), as part of the landscape and historical monuments of the It features in the list of the city’s Bienes de Interés Cultural (Intems of Cultural Interest) drafted by the Junta de Andalucía, and hosts, especially in the early gardens, relevant examples of the architecture and funerary sculpture of the Romantic and subsequent periods, all catalogued, as realised by artists, local religious image makers and some significant foreigners. In the section currently named Patio de San Cristóbal (St Christopher’s Courtyard), there are the only archaeological remains that have survived, such as he Alixares Arab Palace (XIII/XIV Century), the small fort and the channelling system built by the French at the beginning of the XIX century on the hills by the same name. The present cemetery can be tracked back to 1787, when King Carlos III enacted the Real Cedula (Royal Warrant) on the use of ventilated cemeteries outside settlements in order to “prevent diseases, epidemics and pestilence which are believed to sprout from the corrupt air in churches that comes from bodies buried in the paving” and to “prevent even the slightest risk of infiltration or seepage in the drinkable waters of the neighbourhood”. It is thus clear that the need for cemeteries to be outside cities was not a mere question of space, but also one of public sanitation, a much more relevant matter. This move was welcomed by a large sector of the population and the civil authorities but the church bodies, especially the Cabildo de Upon the enactment of the Real Cedula, a commisiion of doctors was appointed to study the suitability of land where cemeteries were to be placed. All this created a chaotic situation as far as burials were concerned, and some inconvenience to the everyday life of the Granadine people, as is clearly evidenced by he steady flow of documents from the Ayuntamiento Pleno (Twon Plenary Council), the Cabildo Catedralicio (Cathedral Council), the Consejo de Castilla (Council of Castilla) and the King himself. The commission was very slow, the authorities showed carelessness and negligence and the burials were subject to acts of vandalism. The situation became quite unbearable and reached its apex during the plague that ravaged After various reports and discussions, the commission of doctors and the authorities agreed (record of April 18,1805) on three ideal sites for the construction of cemeteries and found that the most suitable place was “the Haza de las Escaramuzas: situated to the Levant between North and East it occupies an admirable plain… its most advantageous elevation ( The Granadine citizens preferred the so-called Barreras (Barriers) cemetery, provisionally built in 1805; in addition to that, it had proven necessary, due to several reasons, to close down two other proposed sited. Therefore, the Barreras became the new main cemetery in Granada as part of a 1842 project where, among other things, it was also stated: “After various picturesque tree-lined Alhambra avenues, you go past the so-called Barreras (Barriers), a dry place winth no vegetation most of the year, but quite grand, thanks to the vast an pleasant views of the capital and of the austere and bare So hills and the Alixares hill, right and left, and, of the other side, the magnificent view of the Sierra Nevada… This perfectly ventilated place, due to its position one hundred bars above the city, is most convenient for the construction of the new structure…”. The cemetery would be positioned “facing the Antiguo Campo Santo (Old Cemetery) at a distance of thirty feet and seven feet below the present ground level”, of the Barreras (Barriers), “occupying an area of The planned cemetery, “not taking into account the gardens devoted to the graves of famous men, and communal tombs excavated during plagues”, can hold the following tombs: 1908 niches for adults and 692 for children; 1200 flat tombs for adults and 1200 for children. In total 5000 burial places, that, together with the 7000 tombs from the old Barreras cemetery, total 12,000 burial places. Since then, the Municipal Cemetery of Granada has developed in rather chaotic conditions, as a result of impending needs and “building trends”, unconnected projects lacking a well-structured and integral development plan. Communal graves(banned in the late 70s and now completely gone), niche block, children’s niches and vaults of different shape and height, pantheons and tombs built in disorderly layout, the civil garden (now gone), religious enclosures and small landscaped areas mark its growth in the past two centuries. In 1991, the Council funded and promoted EMUCESA (Empresa Municipal de Cementerio y Servicios Funerarios de Granada, S.A./ Granada Municipal Funeral and Cemetery Services Ltd.) to supply the city with funeral services that World suit existing needs. One of the first steps by the Empresa was the draft of an overall development plan for the cemetery, including the organisation and modernisation of well-structured developments, while keeping its total integration in landscape and monumental environment, and making it possible to upgrade and preserve it, especially in the historical sections. The project and it has been underway for the past 15 years, thanks to the resources provided by EMUCESA. The whole issue has received recognition by the city and the funeral sector, as well as by the Universities of Granada and Oporto, the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (San Fernando Fine Arts Academy) and the Asociación Granada Histórica y Culturas (Society for Cultural and Historical Granada), among others.
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